feat: add text file reader with normalization and stats preview

Adds a new script to read local text files, normalize line endings, and display character statistics and previews. The script handles missing data files gracefully by using a fallback sample and provides detailed output including total characters, unique characters, and a 200-character preview with literal newline representations.

01_read_text.py

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# 01_read_text.py
+"""
+Read a local text file, normalize newlines, and preview stats.
+
+Useage:
+    python 01_read_text.py
+
+Notes:
+- Expects a UTF-8 'data.txt' in the same directory. If missing, uses a fallback
+- Prints total chars, unique chars, and a 200-char preview with literal "\\n".
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional
+
+FALLBACK = (
+    "From fairest creatures we desire increase,\n"
+    "That thereby beauty's rose might never die,\n"
+    "But as the riper should by time decease,\n"
+    "His tender heir might bear his memory.\n"
+)
+
+
+def load_text(path: Optional[Path]) -> str:
+    """Load UTF-8 text from a path if provided/existing, else return fallback.
+
+    Args:
+        path: Optional path to the text file.
+
+    Returns:
+        The file contents or a small fallback sample.
+
+    >>> isinstance(load_text(None), str)
+    True
+    """
+    if path and path.exists():
+        return path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    return FALLBACK
+
+
+def normalize_newlines(text: str) -> str:
+    """Convert all newlines to '\\n'.
+
+    Args:
+        text: Raw text.
+
+    Returns:
+        Text with CRLF/CR normalized to LF ('\\n').
+
+    >>> normalize_newlines("a\\r\\nb\\rc\\nd") == "a\\nb\\nc\\nd"
+    True
+    """
+    text = text.replace("\r\n", "\n").replace("\r", "\n")
+    return text
+
+
+def make_preview(text: str, n_chars: int = 200) -> str:
+    """Returns a first-N-chars preview with literal newlines escaped.
+
+    Args:
+        text: Input text.
+        n_chars: Max characters to preview.
+
+    Returns:
+        Preview string (newlines shown as '\\n').
+
+    >>> make_preview("hi\\nthere", 5)
+    'hi\\\\nth'
+    """
+    preview = text[:n_chars]
+    return preview.replace("\n", "\\n")
+
+
+def report_stats(text: str) -> str:
+    """Produce a human-readable stats report: total chars, unique chars.
+
+    Args:
+        text: Input text
+
+    Returns:
+        A multi-line report string.
+
+    >>> "Total chars:" in report_stats("abaca")
+    True
+    """
+    total = len(text)
+    uniq = len(set(text))
+    return f"Total chars: {total} \n Unique chars: {uniq}"
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    """Entry point: load, normlize, and report a preview"""
+    data_path = Path("data.txt")
+    text = normalize_newlines(load_text(data_path))
+    print(report_stats(text))
+    print("Preview (200 chars, \\n shown literally):")
+    print(make_preview(text, 200))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()